The efficacy of radiotherapy based combined therapy for unresectable locally invasive bladder cancer and its associated factors analysis / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of bladder preservation integrated therapy for unresectable invasive bladder cancer confined to the pelvis was done, also including the bladder function preservation and adverse effects analysis. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with unresectable locally invasive bladder cancer who received radiotherapy-based combination therapy from March 1999 to December 2021 at our hospital were selected. Among them, 42 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 32 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapyand 43 with transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) prior to radiotherapy. The late adverse effect of radiotherapy, preservation of bladder function, replase and metastasis and survival were followed-up. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the multifactorial analysis. Results: The median age was 69 years. There were 63 cases (91.3%) of uroepithelial carcinoma, 64 of stage Ⅲ and 4 of stage Ⅳ. The median duration of follow-up was 76 months. There were 7 grade 2 late genito urinary toxicities, 2 grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities, no grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred. All patients maintained normal bladder function, except for 8 cases who lost bladder function due to uncontrolled tumor in the bladder. Seventeen cases recurred locally. There were 11 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 26.2% (11/42) and 6 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 22.2% (6/27), and the difference in local recurrence rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.709). There were 23 cases of distant metastasis (including 2 cases of local recurrence with distant metastasis), including 10 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 23.8% (10/42) and 13 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 48.1% (13/27), and the distant metastasis rate in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was higher than that in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (P=0.036). The median 5-year overall survival (OS) time was 59 months and the OS rate was 47.8%. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) time was 20 months and the PFS rate was 34.4%. The 5-year OS rates of concurrent and non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were 62.9% and 27.6% (P<0.001), and 5-year PFS rates were 45.4% and 20.0%, respectively (P=0.022). The 5-year OS rates of with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 78.4% and 30.1% (P=0.002), and the 5-year PFS rates were 49.1% and 25.1% (P=0.087), respectively. The 5-year OS rates with or without TURBT before radiotherapy were 45.5% and 51.9% (P=0.233) and the 5-year PFS rates were 30.8% and 39.9% (P=0.198), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that the clinical stage (HR=0.422, 95% CI: 0.205-0.869) was independent prognostic factor for PFS of invasive bladder cancer. The multivariate analysis showed that clinical stages (HR=0.278, 95% CI: 0.114-0.678), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (HR=0.391, 95% CI: 0.165-0.930), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.188, 95% CI: 0.058-0.611), and recurrences (HR=10.855, 95% CI: 3.655-32.638) were independent prognostic factors for OS of invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion: Unresectable localized invasive bladder cancer can achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes with bladder-preserving combination therapy based on radiotherapy, most patients can retain normal bladder function with acceptable late adverse effects and improved survival particularly evident in patients with early, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Diagnosis and Treatment of 126 Cases of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC). Methods The clinical and pathological data of 126 patients with ChRCC treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients included 64 males and 62 females,with the age of 22-80 years(median of 52 years).The tumor was located on the right side in 70 cases and on the left side in 56 cases.Ultrasound,CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were performed.Of the 110 cases receiving ultrasound examination,63,23,13,10,and 1 cases showed hypoecho,hyperecho,isoecho,uneven or mixed echo,and dark hypoecho,respectively.Color Doppler flow imaging showed no blood flow signal in 42 cases and low blood flow signal in 60 cases out of 68 cases with blood flow signal.Among the 54 cases receiving CT,50 cases showed equal density or low density and 4 cases showed high density with clear boundary.The enhanced scanning showed mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement,mostly below the renal parenchyma,and still showed reinforcement in the delayed period.Among the 97 cases receiving MRI,96 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals and 1 case showed hyperintense signal in T1 weighted images;71 cases showed hyper-or isointense signals and 26 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals in T2 weighted images;93 cases showed hyperintense signals with obvious limited diffusion and 4 cases showed unobvious limited diffusion in diffusion weighted images.Mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement was observed in most of the enhanced scans.All the 126 patients underwent surgical treatment,including 64 cases of nephron sparing surgery and 62 cases of radical surgery.Pathological examinations confirmed ChRCC for all the patients,including 91 cases of T1N0M0,15 cases of T2N0M0,and 20 cases of T3N0M0.The immunohistochemical assay demonstrated the positive expression rate of 48.2%(54/112)for CD10,92.3%(96/104)for CD117,8.0%(9/112)for vimentin,85.6%(95/111)for CK7,and 97.6%(83/85)for colloidal iron.Conclusions ChRCC is less common,with low level of malignancy and good prognosis.Since the clinical symptoms of ChRCC are not typical,MRI is an important means of imaging differential diagnosis,and the disease can be confirmed depending on pathological diagnosis.Surgery is the preferred treatment method,and currently there is no standard treatment regimen for metastatic patients.

Post-dilatation improves stent apposition in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous intervention: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND@# Stent failure is more likely in the lipid rich and thrombus laden culprit lesions underlying ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study assessed the effectiveness of post-dilatation in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for acute STEMI.@*METHODS@# The multi-center POST-STEMI trial enrolled 41 consecutive STEMI patients with symptom onset <12 hours undergoing manual thrombus aspiration and Promus Element stent implantation. Patients were randomly assigned to control group (n=20) or post-dilatation group (n=21) in which a non-compliant balloon was inflated to >16 atm pressure. Strut apposition and coverage were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intracoronary verapamil administration via thrombus aspiration catheter, post pPCI and at 7-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was rate of incomplete strut apposition (ISA) at 7 months after pPCI.@*RESULTS@# There were similar baseline characteristics except for stent length (21.9 [SD 6.5] mm vs. 26.0 [SD 5.8] mm, respectively, P=0.03). In post-dilatation vs. control group, ISA rate was lower (2.5% vs. 4.5%, P=0.04) immediately after pPCI without affecting final TIMI flow 3 rate (95.2% vs. 95.0%, P>0.05) or corrected TIMI frame counts (22.6±9.4 vs. 22.0±9.7, P>0.05); and at 7-month follow-up (0.7% vs. 1.8%, P<0.0001), the primary study endpoint, with similar strut coverage (98.5% vs. 98.4%, P=0.63) and 1-year rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).@*CONCLUSION@# In STEMI patients, post-dilatation after stent implantation and thrombus aspiration improved strut apposition up to 7 months without affecting coronary blood flow or 1-year MACE rate. Larger and longer term studies are warranted to further assess safety (ClinicalTrials.gov identifi er: NCT02121223).

Correlation of 41 loci of single nucleotide polymorphisms with testicular germ cell tumor / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To identify genetic susceptibility genes and the loci of their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and provide some new ideas for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of TGCT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We identified 41 SNP loci of TGCT-related genetic susceptibility genes from the literature published abroad. Using the iMLDRTM genotyping technique, we examined the SNP loci of the genetic susceptibility genes in the blood samples from 76 TGCT patients (aged 16－68 years) and 148 healthy men (aged 22－61 years) in China and analyzed their correlation with TGCT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In China, TGCT was found to be correlated with the SNP loci rs2978381, rs10146204, rs12435857 and rs1256063 of the ESR2 gene, rs9397080 of the ESR1 gene, rs11202586 of the PTEN gene, rs2606345 and rs4646903 of the CYP1A1 gene, and rs1456432 of the CYP19A1 gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of our study indicated some difference in the positive SNP loci of the TGCT patients between Chinese and foreign cohorts as well as in different groups in China.</p>

The curative effect of Fuzhengxiaojia decoction on precancerous lesions of gastric cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To observe the curative effect of Fuzhengxiaojia decoction on precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC).Methods We randomly divided 44 patients with PLGC in our hospital into control group (n=22)and treatment group (n=22).The control group was given 4 Weifuchun tablets each time and three times per day and while the treatment group was given one Fuzhengxiaojia decoction of 400 mL besides the medication of the control group.They were treated for two courses,one course lasting for one month.Results Superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),IgG,IgM and IgA in the two groups had no significant differences before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,compared with those in the control group,SOD (t=2.144,P=0.044)and GSH-Px (t=2.322,P=0.030)increased,while MDA(t=3.096, P=0.005),IgG(t=2.421,P=0.025),IgM(t=3.377,P=0.003)and IgA (t=2.521,P=0.020)decreased. The main symptom scores in the two groups did not significantly differ before treatment (P＜0.05).After treatment, compared with those in the control group,the scores for main symptoms like reduced food intake (t=3.924,P＜0.001),stomach noise (t=4.161,P＜0.001)and gastric or hypochondriac swelling (t=2.881,P＜0.009) decreased in the treatment group.The rate of effective cases was higher than that in the control group (χ2=4.539, P=0.033).Conclusion The effect of Weifuchun combined with Fuzhengxiaojia prescriptions in treating PLGC is better than Weifuchun alone,which is related to improving redox and immunoglobulin.

Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated by Targeted Therapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy combined with α-interferon yields additional overall survival (OS) benefits. It is unclear whether mRCC patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) will benefit from such cytoreductive nephrectomy either. The aim of the study was to identify variables for selection of patients who would benefit from upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy for mRCC treated with VEGFR-TKI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data on 74 patients enrolled in 5 clinical trials conducted in Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2006 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons between patient groups were performed by Chi-square test. A Cox regression model was adopted for analysis of multiple factors affecting survival, with a significance level of α = 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-one patients underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by targeted therapy (cytoreductive nephrectomy group) and 23 patients were treated with targeted therapy alone (noncytoreductive nephrectomy group). The median OS was 32.2 months and 23.0 months in cytoreductive nephrectomy and noncytoreductive nephrectomy groups, respectively (P = 0.041). Age ≤45 years (P = 0.002), a low or high body mass index (BMI <19 or >30 kg/m2) (P = 0.008), a serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration >1.5 × upper limit of normal (P = 0.025), a serum calcium concentration >10 mg/ml (P = 0.034), and 3 or more metastatic sites (P = 0.023) were independent preoperative risk factors for survival. The patients only with 0-2 risk factors benefited from upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy in terms of OS when compared with the patients treated with targeted therapy alone (40.0 months vs. 23.2 months, P = 0.042), while those with more than 2 risk factors did not.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Five risk factors (age, BMI, LDH, serum calcium, and number of metastatic sites) seemed to be helpful for selecting patients who would benefit from undergoing upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy.</p>

Safety and efficacy of a novel technique in the use of fractional flow reserve in complex coronary artery lesions / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become an increasingly important index when making decisions with respect to revascularization of coronary artery stenosis. However, the pressure guidewire used in obtaining FFR measurements is difficult to control and manipulate in certain complex coronary artery lesions, resulting in increased fluoroscopy time and contrast dye usage. This study examined a novel (NOV) technique for obtaining FFR measurements in hope of easing the difficulties associated with evaluating and treating complex coronary artery lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six patients with complex coronary artery lesions were assigned to a conventional (CON) FFR technique group or a NOV FFR technique group. The NOV technique involved the use of a balloon and wire exchange within the coronary artery. The fluoroscopy time, contrast dye usage, and FFR-related complications were assessed after completing the FFR measurement procedure for each patient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median time required for fluoroscopy in the NOV technique group was significantly less than that in the CON technique group; additionally, lesser amounts of contrast dye were used in the NOV technique group (both P < 0.05). The NOV technique was successfully performed in thirty patients, without any FFR-related complications. However, the CON technique failed in three patients, including two who experienced coronary artery spasms (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to the CON technique used for measuring FFR, the new technique reduced the fluoroscopy time and amount of contrast dye used when evaluating complex coronary artery lesions. The new technique did not increase the risk of operation or decrease the success rate.</p>

Fractional Flow Reserve Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Improves Clinical Outcome with Reduced Cost in Contemporary Clinical Practice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is currently considered as the gold standard for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis. However, its potential benefits in real-world practice remain unknown in China. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of FFR is associated with improved outcome and reduced cost in Chinese real-world clinical practice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the database of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, a tertiary and high-volume center in China. Clinical events were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model during a median follow-up of 13 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study cohort consisted of 366 consecutive patients referred for coronary revascularization with adjunct FFR and 366 matched controls, from 2010 to 2014. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (death, myocardial infarction, repeated revascularization, or hospitalization for angina) at 4 years were found in 12.0% of angiography-guided patients and 4.9% in the FFR-guided group (P < 0.001). The mean number of implanted stents was significantly lower in FFR treated subjects (0.52 ± 0.82 stents) compared with the angiography-guided group (0.93 ± 0.96 stents) (P < 0.001). No difference in overall costs at initial hospitalization was observed between angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with FFR-guided PCI (RMB 33,000 Yuan, range: RMB 7393-44,700 Yuan) versus RMB 21,200 Yuan (RMB 19,100-47,100 Yuan) (P = 0.54). However, costs for MACEs during follow-up were significantly reduced in the FFR-guided arm (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the contemporary clinical practice, FFR-guided PCI is associated with decreased use of stents, improved clinical outcome, and reduced costs, compared with angiography-guided PCI.</p>

Effects of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor on SCF protein and antioxidant enzyme activity in the testis of unilateral cryptorchidism rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the stem cell factor (SCF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the undescended testis tissue of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Models of left cryptorchidism were made in 48 healthy male rats weighing (200 +/- 20) g and randomly divided into four groups: model control, GDNF 7 d, GDNF 14 d and GDNF 21 d. The rats in the latter three groups were killed at 7, 14 and 21 days after intravenous injection of GDNF, their left testes harvested for measurement of the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of MDA. The apoptosis index of spermatogenic cells was detected by TUNEL, the histological changes of the testis tissue observed under the light microscope, and the gene and protein expressions of SCF determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The apoptosis indexes of spermatogenic cells were obviously decreased in the GDNF 7 d, GDNF 14 d and GDNF 21 d groups (8.42 +/- 0.16, 4.45 +/- 0.34 and 7.32 +/- 0.09) as compared with that of the model control (13.5 +/- 0.64), with statistically significant difference between the GDNF 14 d and control groups (P < 0.01). The SCF expression and SOD activity were remarkably increased while the MDA content markedly reduced in the GDNF groups in comparison with those in the model control (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GDNF had a protective effect on the spermatogenic function of rat testes with unilateral cryptorchidism. It could enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, elevate the expression of SCF and thus improve the testicular reproductivity, which were best indicated in the GDNF 14 d group.</p>

Value of CK20 immunocytochemistry as an adjuvant to urine liquid-based cytology in detection of urothelial carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunocytochemical (ICC) detection in the urine liquid-based cytological specimens in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study consisted of prospective and retrospective groups. In the prospective group, voided urine samples were collected from patients with a variety of urological conditions and healthy individuals. Urine cytological diagnosis and CK20 ICC were performed on the collected specimens. In the retrospective group, archived urine slides with cytological diagnoses of atypical urothelial cells (AUC), suspicious carcinoma (SuCA) and carcinoma (CA) were selected. Then they were re-stained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody against CK20 after decolorization. Histological diagnosis and clinical follow-up result were used as the gold standard for analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 136 cases in the prospective group, including 89 cases of UC, 19 cases of other urogenital malignancies, 12 cases of benign lesions and 16 cases of normal control. The sensitivity of CK20 ICC in detection of UC was 75.3%, significantly higher than that of LBC (48.3%, P < 0.001). The positive rate of CK20 was 64.7% (22/34) in G1 UC, 73.3% (22/30) in G2 UC, and 91.3% (21/23) in G3 UC (P < 0.001). The specificity of CK20 ICC was 91.5%, the same as that of LBC. There were 163 cases in retrospective group, including 119 cases of UC, 17 cases of other urogenital malignancies and 27 cases of benign lesions. The cytological diagnoses of them were 68 cases of CA, 47 cases of SuCA and 48 cases of AUC. The positive rates of CK20 ICC in UC and non-UC (other urogenital malignancies and benign lesions) cases were 90.8% and 15.9%, respectively, with a statistically very significant difference (P < 0.001). The LBC of all the 119 cases of UC included 62 (52.1%) cases of CA, 35 (29.4%) cases of SuCA and 22 (18.5%) cases of AUC. The positive rates of CK20 in the LBC-diagnosed CA, SuCA and AUC were 96.8%, 97.1% and 63.6%, respectively. The LBC of all the 44 non-UC cases included 6 (13.6%) cases of CA, 12 (27.3%) cases of SuCA and 26 (59.1%) cases of AUC, and the positive rates of CK20 in the LBC-diagnosed CA, SuCA and AUC were 33.3%, 33.3% and 3.8%, respectively. The differences of UC and non-UC cases between the corresponding categories of LBC were significant (P < 0.0001, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CK20 immunocytochemistry as an auxiliary method to urine liquid-based cytology can increase the sensitivity in detection of urothelial carcinomas.</p>

Clinical significance of serum levels of endostatin in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess serum levels of endogenous endostatin in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and to determine the relationship of these levels to tumor stage, grade.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2004 to October 2008, preoperative serum were obtained from 138 consecutive patients with CCRCC (73 patients in T1, 39 patients in T2, 20 patients in T3, and 6 patients in T4) and 40 healthy controls. Serum levels of endostatin were measured by sandwich-ELISA. Associations between circulating endostatin levels and clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcome were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endostatin levels did not differ significantly between the patients with CCRCC (93.1 microg/L) and healthy controls (78.9 microg/L, P > 0.05). Serum levels of endostatin were significantly higher in the T2-4 CCRCC patients (107.2 microg/L) than those of the T1 patients (80.4 microg/L, P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in the endostatin levels among the T2-4 patients, or between healthy controls and the T1 patients. The serum endostatin concentration was significantly higher in the metastasis group (118.4 microg/L) than in the no metastasis group (89.5 microg/L, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between patients with distant metastasis group (122.0 microg/L) and lymph nodes metastasis (110.0 microg/L, P > 0.05). Patients with G3-4 tumors had significantly higher endostatin levels (111.8 microg/L) than those of patients with G1 (80.4 microg/L) and G2 tumors (86.2 microg/L, P < 0.01), but endostatin levels did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preoperative serum levels of endostatin elevated in patients with CCRCC and associated with higher stage and grade.</p>

Knockout of the tumor necrosis factor a receptor 1 gene can up-regulate erythropoietin receptor during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tumor necrosis factor a receptor 1 (TNFalphaR1) plays an important role in the signal pathway of apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TNFalphaR1 knockout on the up-regulation of erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) and the coordinated anti-apoptosis functions during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ischemia-reperfusion injury model for cardiomyocytes was performed by ligating the left circumflex branch artery of TNFalphaR1 knockout (P55(-/-)) C17 B6 mice, as well as wild-type (P55(+/+)) C17 B6 mice. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to observe the damaged area of the heart. TUNEL staining and DNA fragmentation were used to identify apoptosis. Mitochondrial Bcl-2 and Bax as well as expression of Epo-R and its downstream genes (Jak-2, stat-5, Akt, IkB-alpha, HIF-1alpha) were measured by Western blotting. The gene knockout mice were assigned into those undergoing the apoptosis surgical model group (KO group), and those subjected to sham operation (KOs group). Similarly, wild-type mice were either exposed to the surgical model (WT group) or subject to a sham operation (WTs group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The myocardial damage ratio of the wild-type group after the operation was significantly higher than that of the knockout group, (50.5 +/- 6.4)% vs (36.9 +/- 6.9)%, P < 0.01. Similarly, TUNEL positive ratio of the wild-type group was significantly higher than that of the knockout group, (63.1 +/- 5.6)% vs (42.1 +/- 4.7)%, P < 0.01. The gray value ratios of Epo-R, Jak-2, stat-5, Akt, IkB-alpha, HIF-1 and mitochondrial Bcl-2 in the KO group were significantly higher than those of the WT group, P < 0.05; however, mitochondrial Bax was significantly lower than that of the WT group significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using the ischemia-reperfusion injury model in mice, cardiomyocytes of TNFalphaR1 knockouts exhibited anti-apoptotic characteristics. This information could be used to coordinate the prevention of myocardial apoptosis by up-regulating and activating the Epo-R pathway.</p>

Hemostatic effect of hemocoagulase agkistrodon and its mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the hemostatic effects of hemocoagulase agkistrodon (HCA) and its mechanism. The procoagulative and hemostatic effects of HCA were evaluated by using rabbit blood coagulatin time and mouse tail bleeding time; the mechanisms of HCA hemostatic effect were analyzed by using rabbit blood clot lysis and fibrinogen lysis. The results showed that HCA shortened the rabbit blood coagulation time and the mouse tail bleeding time significantly. The effects are nearly similar to that of positive control (reptilase). HCA also induced rabbit blood clot lysis and directly hydrolysed the alpha-chain of fibrinogen. It is concluded that HCA exert its hemostatic effects by hydrolysing the alpha-chain of fibrinogen, but it is not able to induce production of XIII factor.

Epidemiology of prostate cancer from three centers and analysis of the first-line hormonal therapy for the advanced disease / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To analyze the epidemiology information of prostate cancer from three centers of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and to reflect the current situation of prostate cancer in China, and to analyze the information of 272 patients with advanced prostate cancer who received hormonal therapy to find the prognostic factors of hormone therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Collect the information of 525 patients with prostate cancer from three centers. Two hundred and seventy-two cases of advanced prostate cancer with full information were selected from the 525 cases to analyze the prognostic factors of hormone therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three hundred and fifty-seven cases (68.0%) had advanced disease at diagnosis and 80.2% patients received hormone therapy as the main therapy. Prognostic analysis indicated that Gleason score, bone metastasis and prostate specific antigen nadir were independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this report, most patients are advanced prostate cancer at diagnose, and hormonal therapy is the main therapy. Gleason score, bone metastasis, prostate specific antigen nadir are independent prognostic factors of advanced prostate cancer after hormone therapy.</p>

Apoptosis-inducing effect of alternol on mouse lymphocyte leukemia cells and its mechanism / 药学学报

Alternol is purified from fermentation productions of microorganisms named as Alternaria alternata var. monosporus. The research is to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of alternol on mouse lymphocyte leukemia (L1210) cells and the possible mechanisms. MTT method was used to evaluate the viability of L1210 cells. Apoptosis of L1210 cells was detected by morphological assessment, DNA electrophoresis assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was carried out to determine the apoptosis-related proteins. Proliferation inhibition of L1210 cells by alternol was found remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. When treated with alternol, apoptotic morphological features of L1210 cells were observed by fluorescent microscopy (AO/EB) and the apoptosis rate was also elevated in a time-dependent manner. After treatments with various concentrations of alternol for 48 h, DNA laddering appeared. The increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was found after cells were exposed to alternol for 6 h, while the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m) was not found until cells were exposed to alternol for 24 h. Furthermore, the level of Bcel-2 and Bcl-2/Bax was down-regulated, while the level of caspase-3 and caspase-9 but not caspase-8 was up-regulated when alternol was added for 72 h. In summary, the results suggested that alternol could inhibit the proliferation of L1210 cells and induce apoptosis of L1210 cells, which was mediated by mitochondria-dependent pathway.

Rapid determination of dopamine and its metabolites during in vivo cerebral microdialysis by routine high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine dopamine and its metabolites during in vivo cerebral microdialysis by routine high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Microdialysis probes were placed into the right striatum of Wistar rat brains and perfused with Ringer's solution at a rate of 1.5 microL/min. A reverse phase HPLC with electrochemistry was used to assay DA, DOPAC, and HVA after cerebral microdialysates were collected every 20 minutes from awake and freely moving rats. In order to identify the reliability of this method, its selectivity, linear range, precision and accuracy were tested and the contents of DA, DOPAC, and HVA in rat microdialysates were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standard curve was in good linear at the concentration ranging from 74 nmol/L to 1.5 micromol/L for DOPAC (r2=0.9996), from 66 nmol/L to 1.3 micromol/L for DA (r2=1.0000) and from 69 nmol/L to 1.4 micromol/L for HVA (r2=0.9992). The recovery of DOPAC (0.30, 0.77, 1.49 micromol/L), DA (0.26, 0.69, 1.32 micromol/L), and HVA (0.27, 0.71, 1.37 micromol/L) was 82.00+/-1.70%, 104.00+/-4.00%, 98.70+/-3.10%; 92.30+/-1.50%, 105.30+/-2.30%, 108.00+/-2.00%; 80.00+/-7.80%, 107.69+/-8.00%, and 108.66+/-3.10%, respectively at each concentration. Their intra-day RSD was 3.3%, 3.4%, and 2.5%, and inter-day RSD was 4.2%, 2.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. The mean extracellular concentrations of DOPAC, DA, and HVA in rat brain microdialysates were 10.7, 2.4, and 9.2 micromol/L (n=6), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings of our study suggested that the simple, accurate and stable method can be applied to basic researches of diseases related to monoamines neurotransmitters by cerebral microdialysis in rats.</p>

Experimental study on primary pharmacodynamics of Niuhuang Qingwei wan / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the primary effects of Niuhuang Qingwei wan on the gastrointestinal function in aninmal for justifying its efficacies in clinic.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mice were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.83, 1.67, 3.33 g x kg(-1), ig) and rats were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.59, 1.18, 2.36 g x kg(-1), ig). The effects on the stomach function were evaluated by the gastric emptying test in mice and the gastric analysis in rats. The effect on the intestinal function were evaluated by the propulsive motility of the total gastrointestinal tract test in mice by recording the time and frequency of excreting carbo medicinalis. Its analgesia was explored by using the abdominal constriction test induced by acetic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Niuhuang Qingwei wan decreased the activity and secretion of pepsin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the gastric juice volume at middle and high doses (P <0.01, P <0.05), and the gastric acid volume at high dose (P <0.05); However, it had no significant effects on the gastric emptying in normal mice and the acidity in gastric juice. It shortened the excreting time of feces and increased the frequency of defecation (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). It also inhibited abdominal constriction responses at high dose, and the inhibition rate was 40.0% (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Niuhuang Qingwei wan can promote gastrointestinal motility, decrease gastric acid volume and activity of pepsin and show certain analgesia effect. Those findings are consistent with its treating stomach heat in clinic.</p>

Nephron-sparing surgery for 69 patients with renal tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the results of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 66 patients who were affected by renal tumors and treated with NSS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 66 cases, 63 were treated with partial nephrectomy and 6 with enucleation. The renal vessel was clamped in 45 cases intraoperative. The histological subtypes included clear cell carcinoma in 40 cases, papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2 cases, chromophobe RCC in 2 cases, angiomyolipoma in 24 cases, and adenoma in one case. Surgical margins were negative in all cases. Seven patients had postoperative complications and no perioperative acute renal failure occurred. Among 44 cases with renal cell carcinoma, 42 were followed for mean 55.4 months. The overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates were 97.3% and 90.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NSS is a effective and safe operation for selected patients with renal tumors, providing functional advantage gained by the maximal preservation of unaffected renal parenchyma without sacrificing cancer control.</p>

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into damaged rabbit heart to improve heart function / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was designed to test whether transplantation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in New Zealand rabbits with myocardial infarction can improve heart function; and whether engrafted donor cells can survive and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty milliliters bone marrow was obtained from healthy men by bone biopsy. A gradient centrifugation method was used to separate bone marrow cells (BMCs) and red blood cells. BMCs were incubated for 48 h and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The culture medium was changed twice a week for 28 d. Finally, hematopoietic cells were washed away to leave only MSCs. Human MSCs (hMSCs) were premarked by BrdU 72 h before the transplantation. Thirty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into myocardial infarction (MI) control group and cell treated group, which received hMSCs (MI+MSCs) through intramyocardial injection, while the control group received the same volume of PBS. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Cell treated rabbits were treated with 5 x 10(6) MSCs transplanted into the infarcted region after ligation of the coronary artery for 1 h, and the control group received the same volume of PBS. Cyclosporin A (oral solution; 10 mg/kg) was provided alone, 24 h before surgery and once a day after MI for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was measured in each group before the surgery and 4 weeks after the surgery to test heart function change. The hearts were harvested for HE staining and immunohistochemical studies after MI and cell transplantation for 4 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our data showed that cardiac function was significantly improved by hMSC transplantation in rabbit infarcted hearts 4 weeks after MI (ejection fraction: 0.695+/-0.038 in the cell treated group (n=12) versus 0.554+/-0.065 in the control group (n=13) (P<0.05). Surviving hMSCs were identified by BrdU positive spots in infarcted region and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes characterized with a positive cardiac phenotype: troponin I.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of hMSCs could transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and regenerate vascular structures, contributing to functional improvement.</p>

Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on experimental cerebral ischemia in rats / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a soluble element extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Focal cerebral ischemia in male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg x kg(-1) of HSYA were administrated to three groups of rats, separately, via sublingular vein injection 30 min after the onset of ischemia. 24 h after ischemia in rats, neurological deficit scores were evaluated and the infarction area of brain was assessed by quantitative image analysis. The in vitro neuroprotective effect of HSYA was tested in cultured fetal cortical neurons exposed to glutamate and sodium cyanide (NaCN).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HSYA at doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg x kg(-1) exerted significant neuroprotective effects on rats with focal cerebral ischemic injury as expressed by neurological deficit scores and reduced the infarct area as compared with saline group, and the potency of HSYA at dose of 6.0 mg x kg(-1) was similar to that of 0.2 mg x kg(-1) of nimodipine. In vitro studies, HSYA significantly inhibited neurons damage induced by exposure to glutamate and NaCN in cultured fetal cortical cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HSYA has potential neuroprotective action against focal cerebral ischemia in rats and cultured rat fetal cortical neurons as well.</p>